Talking about your education in English

Talking about your education in English

*This post has been copied in its entirety from the Speak Up blog on Vecernji List’s Blogosfera. The material it covers will be part of the book Common Mistakes Croatians Make When Using English, which is expected to be out in the fall (fingers crossed!).

Kako razgovarati o svom obrazovanju na engleskom jeziku – 1. dio

Jeste li studirali na „faculty“, „college“ ili „university“? Ovo je često pitanje koje čujem na svojim satovima konverzacijskog tečaja engleskog jezika, pa počnimo s terminom college.

Riječ college se ne odnosi samo na privatne srednje škole u Velikoj Britaniji (npr. Eton College). College označava bilo koje mjesto višeg ili visokog obrazovanja gdje se nakon završenog dvogodišnjeg ili četverogodišnjeg studija stječe diploma. Također, ne uključuje samo ustanove gdje se uče društvene ili prirodne znanosti nego je i mjesto za stjecanje strukovnog obrazovanja (vocational college ili technical college).

Neke od vas vjerojatno i dalje muči odabir riječi college u ovom tekstu budući da mislite da bih trebala koristiti riječ university. Koja je razlika između college i university?

College je manja ustanova gdje možete pohađati dvogodišnji ili četverogodišnji dodiplomski studij, ponekad i magistarski. Rijetko koji college nudi doktorski studij, no nije nemoguće. Nadalje, college je manji od university, a ima i manji broj polaznika. University je pak grupa ustanova (schools i/ili colleges), od kojih barem jedna nudi postdiplomske studije.

A što je onda faculty?

Budući da sam odrasla u Americi gdje riječ faculty označava kolektiv neke obrazovne ustanove (npr.: The members of the faculty are all from Brasil), ova me riječ vječito muči u kontekstu hrvatskog jezika. Izvan Sjeverne Amerike riječ faculty, osim navedenog, označava i odsjek unutar obrazovnih institucija koje se nazivaju university ili college. Imena fakulteta u Zagrebu se na službenim stranicama često prevode kao „Faculty of XYZ.“ Ja bih ih radije prevela kao „School of XZY“ koja bi sadržavala razne odjele, odnosno odsjeke – departments. To se također može naći i izvan Sjeverne Amerike, npr. u Velikoj Britaniji i Australiji. Primjerice, University of Glasgow je podjeljen u schools: School of Chemistry, School of Education, itd.

Da se vratimo na college vs. university. U razgovorima u SAD-u se ove riječi često koriste naizmjenično, kao sinonimi, kada se govori općenito o mjestu visokog obrazovanja, s tim da je college zapravo učestaliji termin. Studenti će se prije identificirati i predstaviti kao college students nego university students. Kada netko kreće na faks, prije će reći „I’m starting college in the fall“ nego „I’m starting university in the fall“ (na hrvatskom – U jesen krećem na fakultet) bez obzira je li upisao neki manji college ili university. Isto tako će često reći i I’m starting school in the fall.

…što nas dovodi do termina school

Riječ school, pak, može predstavljati bilo koje mjesto na kojem stječemo obrazovanje. Nisu samo osnovna i srednja škola schools, niti su to samo odsjeci unutar sveučilišta, nego i sama sveučilišta ili fakulteti. U anglosaksonskom svijetu često ćete čuti studente kako kažu „I have school in the morning“, iako se radi o predavanjima na fakultetu.

Isto tako možete, na primjer, reći: I studied architecture in school, i svi će znati da mislite na fakultetsko obrazovanje. Kada netko želi naglasiti da se radi o osnovnoj ili srednjoj školi, to će i napraviti: “I never had biology in high school”. Kroz kontekst se može zaključiti radi li se o osnovnom, srednjem ili visokom obrazovanju.

Još nekoliko korisnih riječi i fraza na engleskom jeziku vezano uz obrazovanje:

I went to law school – …ćete čuti češće nego I went to the school of law, iako se sama ustanova tako zove. Isto tako se kaže i I went to medical school ili I went to dental school, ako želite naglasiti što ste studirali, (a ne gdje ste studirali).

Mid-term exam – kolokvij

Final exam – završni ispit

Quiz – vrsta ispitivanja znanja manje opsežna od kolokvija (nenajavljeno ispitivanje te vrste zove se pop quiz)

Elective subjects/classes – fakultativni predmeti (skraćeno – electives)

Freshman – osoba koja je 1. razred srednje škole ili 1. godina fakulteta

Sophomore – osoba koja je 2. razred srednje škole ili 2. godina fakulteta

Junior – osoba koja je 3. razred srednje škole ili 3. godina fakulteta

Senior – osoba koja je 4. razred srednje škole ili 4. godina fakulteta

TOČNO: She was a high school senior ili She was a senior in high school;  NETOČNO: She was in the fourth grade of high school, ali možete reći: She was in her fourth year of high school

Graduate studies – postdiplomski studiji

Graduate school – magistarski ili doktorski studij ili obrazovna ustanova koja pruža mogućnost pohađanja postdiplomskih studija

Graduate students —studenti postdiplomskih studija

Undergraduate students (ili skraćeno, undergraduates) – dodiplomski studenti

Undergraduate thesis/senior thesis – diplomski rad (i u srednjoj školi postoji senior thesis)

Master’s thesis – magistarski rad

Doctoral thesis / dissertation– doktorski rad

Final paper – završni rad

TOČNO: I need to pick a topic; NETOČNO: I need to pick a theme  (više o razlici između topic, theme i subject pročitajte ovdje.)

Department – katedra (npr. English Department ili Marketing Department)

A 5.0 average – prosjek od 5.0 (čita se “five-point-oh“)

Associate Professor/Assistant Professor – docent

Questions?

Ako Vam neki termini ili fraze na engleskom jeziku, a vezano uz obrazovanje, zadaju glavobolje, ostavite ovdje komentar i potrudit ću se dati što precizniji odgovor na Vaše pitanje. U idućem postu, pisat ću o glagolima vezanim uz obrazovanje.

Teaser: Jeste li znali da na engleskom ne „završite“ fakultet, odnosno nije uobičajeno reći I finished college in 2005? Kako onda reći što ste diplomirali i kada? O tome u idućem izdanju….

Korisne kratice na engleskom jeziku

Korisne kratice na engleskom jeziku

(originally published in Večernji list)

Amerikanci obožavaju učinkovitost. Drive-thru brza hrana, smrznuto povrće, već oprano i nasjeckano, samoposluživanje u supermarketu—sve to pokazuje beskrajno štovanje učinkovitosti s druge strane Velike bare. Za čovjeka koji zna skratiti jutarnju rutinu za deset minuta mogućnosti su beskrajne. Barem se tako čini s obzirom da je čak 20.600.000 članaka na internetu posvećeno temi „kako uštedjeti vrijeme na svojoj jutarnjoj rutini“. (*FYI* Kako? Operi zube dok se tuširaš, odjeću koju ćeš nositi odaberi i pripremi noć prije, prije spavanja programiraj aparat za kavu, postavi dodatni alarm koji će zazvoniti točno u vrijeme kada moraš izaći iz kuće te ciljaj da u tom trenu ostaviš sve i izađeš istog trena bez obzira dokle si došao/la sa spremanjem.)

Moguće da je popularnost korištenja kratica u Americi donekle rezultat toga što se svi volimo osjećati da pripadamo nekoj skupini, što zahtjeva da netko drugi toj skupini pak ne pripada (Ne kužiš kraticu? Nisi„in“.). No nema sumnje da je popularnost, moglo bi se reći čak i opsesivnost, korištenja kratica u Americi rezultat beskonačnog traganja za ultimativnom produktivnošću pomoću koje će oni koji ju postignu jednog dana moći ostvariti Američki San (zaboravimo da je odavno umro, san je san). Kratice korisnicima omogućuju uštedu vremena, a tko zna što sve mogu napraviti u pošteđenim sekundama, nekad čak i cijelim minutama. (Šalu na stranu, moram priznati da sam i ja žrtva ove opsesivnosti i da koristim stotine aplikacija kako bih uštedjela na vremenu kad god to mogu).

. . .

Read more here.

“Topic” VS “subject” VS “theme”

Put most simply, theme in English is like motiv in Croatian.

THEME:
The theme is the central message or the perception that is conveyed through the piece of writing. Any piece of writing, be it a story, poem or an essay, has a theme. In fact, there can be more than one theme; themes can be further divided into major themes and minor themes according to their importance.

While on the other hand…..

TOPIC:
The topic is the subject discussed in a piece of writing, and it explains what a story/essay/article is about. Topics are easy to identify as writers generally use a direct approach to define and explain the general subject of their works. The topic is clearly stated at the beginning of an essay or another academic piece of writing.

For those of you who are thirsty to learn more, we can throw “subject” into the mix 🙂

TOPIC VS SUBJECT
A topic defines a particular aspect that will be covered in conversation or in any written form, whereas subject is used in context to a wider aspect of knowledge. A subject cannot be a part of a topic whereas a subject may have many topics covered in it. However, topic and subject may be used interchangeably if they are used to denote the important aspect of a document, lecture, discussion, presentation or a conversation.

More on theme VS subject:

What is a Theme?

Student essay: How I became an Ironman

For those who don’t know, Ironman is a triathlon discipline which combines marathon races from three basic sports: swimming, cycling and running. It is considered the hardest one-day race in the world. The history of how the distances for each of the disciplines were chosen says that on the island of Hawai, in the mid-70’s, athletes from local swimming and running clubs were debating who is more fit, runners or swimmers. At the same time, Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx had the highest recorded oxygen uptake, so many people argued that cyclist are more fit than anyone else. In order to solve that debate, one U.S. Navy Commander decided to organize an event that would combine all three disciplines. Since the distance between the end of the already existing swimming competition, which was 3,8km long, and the beginning of the Honolulu Marathon route was 180km, the organizers decided to create a competition which would consist of 3.8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling and a 42.2km marathon run.

balatonman

I would like to start my story by looking back to some 9 months ago while I was lying in a hospital. As many of you know, a year and a half year ago I had thyroid gland surgery. About one year after the operation I had to stay in a hospital for three days. That was a regular check-up procedure for a health issues I had. The procedure included taking a radioactive iodine pill and consequently spending three days in isolation. The only people I saw during those three days were the nurses who brought me meals and my parents, who were not allowed to enter the room and with whom I chatted through the window. While lying in bed for those 72 hours and I became aware of what a gift it is to be able to move. Therefore, I firmly decided that never again in my life would I take that gift for granted and that after leaving the hospital I would use that human ability to move as much as possible. Also, with a lot of time for contemplation, one strange idea came to my mind. If a human being is able to lie for 72 hours without getting tired, is it possible to be in such good shape that one can be involved in some kind of physical activity for 72 hours without getting tired? Logical, right? I know it is not, but I convinced myself it was, and that thought drove me forward.

ironman

At that time I had already successfully finished two Olympic triathlons (approximately 4 times shorter than the Ironman triathlon) and one half Ironman triathlon. Since I didn’t have a coach, my only source of information about the Ironman triathlon was the internet. Surfing the net, I found out a lot of useful information, among them that the average time to prepare for Ironman is 8 to 12 months (assuming the person was physically active before). Since it was December, that meant it would be possible to apply for races held in the autumn. In addition to being held during that period of the year, there were two more requirements that I wanted the race to meet: for it to be near Zagreb, in order to minimize transportation costs, and for there to be a decent probability the weather would be good, which meant that the race had to be in the first two months of autumn. Surfing through the net a little bit more, I found the perfect date and destination: Balaton Lake, September 10th.

The first period of my preparation was spent mostly indoors. At that time I was focused on strengthening my muscles so as to minimize the possibility of injuries and prepare my body for the upcoming efforts. On average, in one week, I spent five days doing cross-fit training, one day running, and one day swimming. With spring approaching, and by building a strong foundation with muscle strength, I was ready to focus on endurance trainings. So in the second period of preparation my average training week consisted of three days of cross-fit trainings, two days of running, one day of swimming, and one day of cycling. All in all, that was 12 hours of training per week. If I add to that different activities which are directly or indirectly connected with training, like stretching after the training or preparing special food, the majority of my free time was dedicated to preparing for Ironman. Consequently, even though I was enjoying every second of my training, I also had to sacrifice other parts of my everyday life and that was probably the hardest part. Now, I hope, you can understand why so many times I had to turn down your invitation to coffee or some other social gathering. Simply put, the day had too few hours.

balaton ironman

The start of the race was at 8 a.m., which meant I had to be at the start at 7 a.m. in order to organize everything I would need during the race, such as clothes, food, beverages, massage cream, etc. As in every triathlon discipline, swimming was the first one. The swimming course consisted of 4 laps, each 950 m long. Since the water temperature was 23 degrees, swimming wetsuits were allowed, so after warming up, I put on my wetsuit and was ready for the start. I started the first few hundred very carefully, since I didn’t want to be kicked in the face by someone’s leg. Luckily, that didn’t happen, and I could continue with swimming without worrying. After every lap we got out of the water, ran a dozen meters, and then continued with swimming. I had a pace of approximately 20 min/km, which I knew I could almost tirelessly follow during the whole 3.8km. That turned out to be true, and after 1 hour and 23 minutes I finished the swimming part. In the first transition, I equipped myself with isotonic drinks and dried figs and was ready for the 180-km bike journey.

The bike course also consisted of 4 laps, each 45 km long, and it was, given that Hungary is considered a very flat country, unexpectedly mountainous. Each lap had 500 m of vertical distance, so overall it was 2000m of ascents and descents. The hardest part of the bike course was the first 10 km of every lap, during which we reached the highest point of the course. The middle part had a lot of pace changes, since uphill and downhill parts had constantly exchanged. Therefore, the last part was the one in which we could relax our legs a little bit, and let gravity move us forward. As the weather was very demanding, with a cloudless sky and temperatures of around 30 degrees, I knew I had to drink even before I was thirsty. Otherwise I would risk dehydration and it is almost impossible to compensate for that later. So I drank an isotonic beverage every 10 km, and every 20 km I ate dried figs or energy bars, as they release carbohydrates immediately and therefore are a great source of energy.

Halfway through the first lap, where the refreshment point was located, I replaced empty bottles with full ones and continued towards the end of the first lap. There we were allowed to meet our families, which was great since I could break the loneliness and talk with someone. After every lap I stepped down from the bike to relax my legs, and I ate, drank and talked with my loved ones. Those breaks helped me a lot mentally, because I knew that after every lap I had my mom, my brother and my girlfriend to encourage me and supply me with everything I needed for the next lap. The other two laps went really well, and since now I already knew what to expect from the bike course I could create a tactic for when to push more or less. The last lap also went pretty smoothly. The only small problem I had was during the last 30 km. I started to feel uncomfortable sitting on the bike, so I decided to ride every uphill part in a standing position.

balaton iron man

Finally, after 7 hours and 20 minutes I finished the longest discipline, and “all” that was left was for me to run the marathon. The running part consisted of 16 laps, each 2637 m long. Unlike the the bike course, it was completely flat. In the few first laps, I made the only mistake that day, and it is the only part of the race that I regret. I drank an energy gel in the first lap, and I took one more in the third one. Unfortunately, my body couldn’t process so much food, and I started to feel digestion problems a few laps later. It happened because under such great effort, blood is primarily used to supply the body with the oxygen, not leaving enough blood to process food as easily as it can under normal conditions. Because of that, I lost more than half an hour, but after already spending 10 hours in the race, giving up was not an option. I knew this was my only chance to finish the Ironman race, and I didn’t want to waste it. So I proceeded despite those difficulties. I learned something from that mistake, and at the next refreshment points I only took water. Luckily, that proved to be good tactic.

ironman balaton

I kept cutting down the number of laps which were left to be run, and when I finished the eighth lap, it was mentally much easier. I knew that I had run more that I had left. In the meantime, the sun set, and the moon came out. In those conditions it was much easier to run. With a lot of thoughts going through my head, I made it to the last lap, during which I was accompanied by my girlfriend. At that moment, I knew that I was well below the time limit of 16 hours, so we spent the last lap half running and half walking, talking and just enjoying the unique moment. Finally, at 10:20 p.m., after an amazing 14 hour and 22 minute long journey, during which I drank 12 liters of liquid so as to keep me fueled, I crossed the line realizing I became something that 2 years ago I though only some superhuman could do. I became an Ironman. Immediately after the race, I received a finisher medal, which is for now hanging on the wall in my bedroom, as a symbol that, with the support of your family and friends, and with persistent and hard work, any goal, no matter how big, crazy or impossible seems at the first glance, is achievable.

Written by: Marko Primožić

Student essay: Reasons why people should travel

“Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you did not do than by the ones you did do”. For some people traveling is that thing. What makes people spread their wings outside their own country? Is it eagerness for adventure? Is it the monotony in their lives? Are they running away from their problems thinking that when you are away they don’t exist? On the other hand, what makes people stay at home? Are they afraid of leaving their safety zone? Are they afraid of meeting new people or do they just like the place they are? There is no right answer to either question, but it could be argued that you should try something outside your routine by traveling. You could benefit in one of the ways listed below.

One of the first reasons you can benefit from travel is from the fact that leaving home often broadens our perspective of poverty and wealth. The poorest people are sometimes the happiest people in the world. They can teach us what is important in our lives, which many of us have lost track of because we are preoccupied with unimportant things. Living without electricity, water or without the miracles of modern life make the poorest appreciate Mother Nature. Their treasure is in the simplicity of their lives. Sometimes, they have nothing to offer aside from their smiles but they do not complain and when you meet them you will grow to love them. After leaving all material things behind it is possible to enjoy the true meaning of living life as it is only possible to see clearly with the heart. Seeing how much happiness can be found in poorer countries is one way you can open your eyes to this.

travel

Further, being in such an environment helps people enjoy the little things in life such as sleeping beneath the sky, eating only food products which can be found in nature, and drinking mountain spring water, all of which make people start valuing things at home which they previously took for granted. People should try to live a simpler life away from technology, which is easier to do when traveling. They’ll discover that there is a real life out there in the world when away from it.

Another reason why people should travel is that vacations are good for the health. One study showed that social isolation increases the risk of dementia. What we do when we travel is we exercise our brain because we are engaging with the people around us and moving around. As the body needs exercise, the brain needs it too, to keep it young. The brain does not know what its age is; it just wants to be stimulated. Another study shows that loneliness is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Taking a trip opens new environments to us; facing and resolving problems mentally stimulates our brain. Meeting new people on vacation can make us feel less lonely. Travel is wonderful exercise to stay mentally young and in good shape, so do not wait for retirement, take your chance now, go with the flow. Do not be burdened with exotic, far destinations, maybe happiness is just around the corner. Take a trip; you will see the benefits to your health. Your body and brain will feel younger and more energetic and you will feel that everything you have wished for is achievable.

travel

Finally, the best reason to travel is because in these turbulent times travelling connects families. Spending time together is such a rare thing and planning and going on a vacation is a valuable source of connection as spending time together is often considered a gift. Experience is often better than material things. One day, your children will live lives of their own and only memories of time spent together will always be written in your brain. These memories can never be stolen from your heart. Do not get attached to things, they can be stolen at any time. Go on a trip as a family instead of buying your children new things. Smile, cry, run in the rain, take photos– these are the things which you will remember, as new i-phone models keep on coming out. And then by the fireplace you will be leafing through photo albums, remembering the moments together and being grateful you did not buy your kids new shoes instead of spending time together as a family.

travel

Student essay: Why people cheat and how to prevent it

I caught my ex-boyfriend cheating on me a few years ago. At that time I asked myself – am I responsible for this? What am I doing wrong? What was his reason for cheating? In the end I concluded I wasn’t completely responsible, he was more so, but I realized I had given him the opportunity to cheat, on top of other reasons I think he already had. I believe people cheat for a number of main reasons and that understanding those reasons can help us prevent cheating from happening.

Some people are in bad relationships and they look for closeness with others. Some just cheat because they can’t be faithful to one person. But even those who are not in bad relationships can find themselves cheating or being cheated on. Sometimes all it takes to turn a faithful partner into a cheater is opportunity. It’s possible for someone who’s in a long-term relationship (about 10 to 15 years) to change surroundings and meet new people who have the same interests as they do. This can be an opportunity to cheat. Especially at work, because most people spend a minimum of eight hours there and they know their colleagues better than their partners. Today we spend more time with people at work than with our family. It’s no wonder that cheating is most common among co-workers. Opportunity is first step which can “help” people start cheating.

Why people cheat and how to prevent it

Another reason why people cheat, one that often arises before an opportunity, is that they feel their partner is taking them for granted. They might feel that way if we start to distance ourselves from them and don’t show our emotions or share everyday events. This can be a way to push our partner away from us. All people need attention; we shouldn’t take that for granted because they are with us. Today, it is very important to tell your partner everything, but what’s most important is to listen to your partner; he/she will have needs and wishes. Don’t let your significant other think you are taking them for granted.

Similarly, we should tell our partners if we are not happy with something. If we can let them know that something isn’t good in the relationship we might be able to “fix it”. It is easier to have a good relationship with an honest person by your side. What is the main reason for distance in relationships? If my boyfriend tells me that he wants to spend more time with me, I need to be aware of what that means and if I want our relationship to succeed I need to find time only for us. If we want to be in a “healthy” relationship we need to be open with our partners and be prepared to compromise.

Why people cheat and how to prevent it

Those are some situations which are preventable. A tough reason for cheating to prevent is if a partner has a sex addiction. If this is the case it is hard to change their habits. They just enjoy life, and don’t care about other people. One of the reasons for that behaviour, as I mentioned above, is focusing on ourselves and having the opportunity. If a sex addict is not happy with their partner in a relationship, and if they have bad sex, they will probably look for one part of happiness through sex with someone else.

Fortunately, in spite of all these situations which might give rise to cheating, there is a way to prevent it. Bad relationships or lifestyles don’t have to be a reason to cheat. We need to communicate, share happiness and sadness, and trust each other. Only with true honesty are we able to have good relationships and only then can we expect our significant other to be faithful only to us. If you have everything in one person, including honesty — the possibility to say everything without fear of judgment — you will be faithful to one person. Be honest in general. It’s the only way you can keep people from cheating.
Written by: Vesna Jurilj

Start dates

Summer is still hanging in there (Stay strong, summer!) but there’s no denying it’s on its way out the door. There is a bright side, though… it’s back to school time!

So pack up that sun-tan lotion, whip out those highlighters, and go pick yourself up a brand new Moleskine. Get ready to rock and roll with:

Conversation classes, starting the week of September 5th
&
5-week essay writing classes starting the week of October 9th

Book your spot, tell a friend, and prepare for a season of learning and self-improvement with reading, writing, and thought-provoking conversations with the coolest kids in town.

(Yes, it’s possible to join after the week of Sept. 5th …but why would you want to wait?? 🙂

Listen to one of countless fascinating and educational podcasts by my absolute favorite guru to warm up: http://bit.ly/1uvMxOe

Hope to see you soon!

Review of tenses in English

Below is a list of links to explanations and exercises for each of the 12 tenses in the English language, grouped by category. It is recommended you go through them in the order they are listed but feel free to jump around if that works for you.

A quick word on tenses in English

There are 12 tenses in the English language. But if you find this number dizzying, look at it this way. There are actually only three basic tenses: the past, the present, and the future.

We can add to these three basic categories the aspects of perfect and progressive and get tenses belonging to these three groups. Any time 12 seems like a lot, just remember, it’s all just 3 basic tenses (past, present, and future) “spiced up” with two aspects :-).

Here is a visual overview of all the tenses:

Review of tenses in English

Go to this page here for a written overview of all the tenses, with examples:
http://www.davidappleyard.com/english/tenses.htm

Below are tons of links to some reading and many online exercises with the present and past tenses. If you like to learn through watching videos, check out this AMAZING web page with awesome videos made by passionate English teachers: https://www.engvid.com/english-lessons

PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Reading:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/present-tense/present-continuous
Reading + exercises:
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/present-simple-and-present-continuous
Exercises:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_progressive2.htm

SIMPLE PAST
Simple past – irregular verbs only
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/elementary/grammar/grammar_07_012e?cc=hr&selLanguage=hr
http://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/elementary/past-simple-irregular-verbs
http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/simple-past-irregular-1
http://www.agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/simple-past-irregular-2
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2030
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-1.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-2.html
Simple past – regular + irregular verbs
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-exercise-8.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-exercise-9.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_mix.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_statements2.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/games/tenses/simplepast.html
http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson29/TestIt/SimplePast.htm
http://www.rong-chang.com/ex/exeasy/low_past_tense02.htm
http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/1g80-elementary-past-simple-regular-and-irregular-gap-fill.php
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/simple_past1/index.php
http://www.english-zone.com/verbs/irrpast1.html
Simple past – negatives, questions
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_negation_sentences.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_past2.htm

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS
Reading:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpas-paspro
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarintermediate/a/noncontinuous.htm
Exercises:
Intermediate
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpas-paspro/exercises
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/past-simple-vs-past-continuous
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-past-continuous-exercise-1.html
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pastsimpleorcontinuous/exercise6.html
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs4.htm

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS – MORE ADVANCED
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs3.htm
https://elt.oup.com/student/project3rdedition/level5/unit1/grammar/exercise1?cc=us&selLanguage=en

PRESENT PERFECT
Reading:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/pres_perf.htm
Video:
http://www.engvid.com/english-tenses-present-perfect-present-simple/

PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE – INTERMEDIATE
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_present_perfect.htm
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast1.htm
http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/228.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-present-perfect-4.html

PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE – ADVANCED
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/simple_past_present_perfect1/index.php
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1496

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Reading:
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/present-perfect-continuous/

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE vs PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Reading:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/quick-grammar/present-perfect-simple-and-present-perfect-continuous
Exercises:
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-30523.php
http://www.englishtenses.com/exercise/present_perfect_simple_or_continuous
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-present-perfect-continuous-2.html

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS VS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-20766.php

PAST PERFECT
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/past-simple-or-past-perfect

ALL PAST TENSES – MIXED
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs12.htm
http://webs.schule.at/website/Exercises/Tenses1.htm
https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tenses-comparison/past-tenses/exercises/articles/past-tenses-mixed-exercise
http://www.englishtenses.com/test/romance_novel_past_tenses
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=7150
https://elt.oup.com/student/oxfordenglishgrammar/advanced/oegc_advanced_section04/advanced_section04_02?cc=us&selLanguage=en

Eseji

Eseji

Na Speak Up! konverzacijskom tečaju engleskog jezika polaznike potičemo da u svoje slobodno vrijeme pišu sastavke na engleskom jeziku. Od svakog polaznika tražimo da napiše najmanje 2 sastavka po semestru (semestar traje 10 tjedana), a svi koji to žele, slobodno ih mogu napisati i više.

Ispravljamo sve radove koje nam polaznici pošalju.

Neki su nam se sastavci toliko svidjeli da smo one najgenijalnije odlučili objaviti na našoj stranici. Pogledajte u nastavku što je sve poteklo iz pera naših polaznika!

Student essay: Irritating types of people at the gym

Everyone who has ever been to a gym knows there are certain types of people that irritate you more than others. They are people you can’t stand because they are violating some norms of fair behavior among a group of people. Here is a list of different types of people who drive me crazy.

1. Mobile phone guys
This group encompasses the ones that have mobiles with them all the time. Ok, there is nothing wrong with keeping your phone in your pocket, because today our lifestyle is dependent on mobile phones and you never know when your boss will call you. But there are certain people that have to send a message to a friend, or even worse, chat with him between every two exercises.

gym

I don’t know if I got it right, but going to a gym should mean that you want to take some time off from your social network of friends and spend it by yourself in order to do something good for your health or relax after a tough day. What’s even worse, texting or talking on the phone all the time can really irritate other people, because while you are texting/talking, someone else could be using your machine and do the exercises he wants.

2. I-know-everything guys
There is no way you have gone to the gym and haven’t met this type. Those are usually the ones that go to the same gym for a dozen of years, but absurdly, they doesn’t look fit at all. They will regularly come up to you and start to theoretically explain everything to you. Literally everything. There is no muscle in your body for which they don’t know at least three exercises. I mean, thank you, but if I need advice, there is a trainer at every gym whom I can ask. You will especially be a target of these I-know-everything guys if you are a girl who has recently enrolled in the gym. If so, may you rest in peace, because those guys will kill you with their suggestions.

gym3

3. Thinly clothed guys
I know the majority of people go to the gym to build their muscles in order to look good. Basically, I can’t argue with that, because we all want to look good. But want I can and want to argue against are the ones who wear specific clothes in order to look good. For example, those who wear close-fitting, tiny clothes so as to look more muscular.

I mean, if you are really strong, we will notice it even if you wear normal clothes. In those tight/tiny clothes, you just look like a giant penis in a condom. It’s awful. Also, men who only wear undershirts and women who only wear sport bras also belong to this group. I know you want to show off what a well-shaped body you have, but please keep those clothes for a beach. A good body just isn’t an excuse for looking slutty.

gym

4. I’m-in-love-with-myself guys
You will easily notice them since 90% of the time they spend at the gym is within view of a mirror. There is no pause between two exercises which they won’t spend looking at how big their muscles are. If you are unlucky, and there are two of them at the same time when you are at the gym, there is a likelihood they you will have to go to the toilet due to needing to throw up. Because the conversations and comparisons they make can’t be stomached by even by the most experienced gym-goers. They will compare every single muscle on their body and will pose in every single position in the front of the mirror. So the best option for your psychological state is to move as far away from them as possible.

gym

5. The-world-is-mine guys
Overcrowded gyms are a big problem, but you can’t do anything about it. But even that would be easily tolerable if this group knew how to behave at the gym. These are the ones who, when they install themselves at some machine, won’t move until they finish with it. They are the most arrogant people at the gym, the ones that think their work-out schedule is the Bible. For them it doesn’t matter that their exercise may last one minute, and then there is a five-minute break during which five other people could use the same machine without causing any complications to the exercise schedule of the first guy. What matters for them is that their ass has the convenience of doing whatever they want, because somehow the gym is only for them.

gym

6. I’m-the strongest-one guys
This group is comprised of gym rats who know the gym better than their homes. They spend half of their free time at the gym and, to be honest, they look really strong. It is more or less the same population as from point 4 of this article. They want to let everyone know how strong they are and aim to be the strongest person at the gym. Which doesn’t make sense. Because only one person is the strongest, and by scanning the gym you can be pretty sure which one it is. So there is no need for trying hard to stand out to show it’s you. And if you are THE ONE, there is a big possibility that you look awful. Because looking strong doesn’t mean looking good. It just means that a long time ago you crossed the line that divides the good-looking-fit guy from awful-muscled-bodybuilder guy.

Written by: Marko Primožić

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